Research

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Evidence on the Local Economic Impact of Promotion in European Soccer

In most of the world, professional soccer operates under a system where success and failure carry immediate consequences. Teams that perform well are promoted to higher divisions, while those that struggle are relegated. Unlike American sports leagues, where franchises remain fixed, this structure creates constant movement and sharp changes in visibility, revenue, and opportunity. At […]

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Geopolitical Realignment & Trade Reorientation in the Sahel States

Current political movements in West Africa have been underpinned by the Western media’s obsequious analysis of emerging leaders to a caricatural extent. Images of Ibrahim Traoré in a persistent red beret, marked by singular out-of-context quotations, mask a larger movement within the region. In the past five years, military takeovers have occurred in a domino

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Evaluating Medical Residency Preferences Under Abortion Laws

In Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization (2022), the Supreme Court ruled that the US does not guarantee a right to abortion, handing power back to the states. Their decision overturned the 49 year precedent established in Roe v. Wade. As of 2026, 21 states have enacted abortion bans or significant restrictions relative to the

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